高效液相色谱法测定伊维菌素脂质体药物的含量及包封率

本试验旨在建立伊维菌素脂质体载体药物含量及包封率测定的高效液相色谱法。Waters surfire C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈—甲醇—水(62∶30∶8),流速1 mL/min,检测波长245 nm,进样量10 μL,柱温30 ℃。采用凝胶过滤法、透析法、冷冻超速离心法、超滤离心法4种方法对脂质体与药物进行分离。结果表明,在优化色谱条件下伊维菌素与辅料及溶剂峰均得到良好分离,伊维菌素在1～50 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998,n=5),最终采用超速冷冻离心法可将脂质体与药物很好的分离,伊维菌素脂质载体的包封率可达98.54%±1.6%。该方法准确可靠、简单快速,可用于伊维菌素脂质体载体药物含量及包封率的测定。     

复方伊维菌素乳液在山羊体内的药代动力学研究

为了探讨复方伊维菌素乳液在动物体内的药物代谢,为兽医临床提供用药参考。试验选取7只山羊,每只山羊按0.1 mL/kg (伊维菌素0.2 mg/kg, 阿苯达唑10 mg/kg)剂量口服,给药后0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、12、16、24、36、48、60 h颈静脉采血5 mL,分离血清,-20 ℃保存,用高效液相色谱仪检测样品血药浓度。试验结果表明,①伊维菌素在山羊体内的代谢情况为：0.5 h,0.112151 μg/mL; 第1次达峰时间为4 h, 0.302702 μg/mL;第2次达峰时间为16 h,0.258284 μg/mL;60 h,0.011118 μg/mL。②阿苯达唑在山羊体内的代谢情况为：0.5 h, 0.049285 μg/mL;第1次达峰时间为8 h,4.95283 μg/mL ;第2次达峰时间为16 h,5.694551 μg/mL;60 h,0.06434 μg/mL。复方伊维菌素中的伊维菌素和阿苯达唑在山羊体内代谢时间短,第60小时已达到很低的血药浓度。     

肉年伊维菌素驱虫的育肥效果比较

用广谱抗寄生虫药伊维菌素对肉牛进行驱虫对比试验.选择20头患寄生虫病的雄竹性肉牛空腹称重,随机分为两组,每组10头.一组为治疗组,按1 ml/50 kg用伊维菌素进行皮下注射给予驱虫;另一组为对照组,不给予任何驱虫药物.在同等饲养管理条件下,饲喂到第61天称重,观察试验组和对照组的驱虫育肥效果.结果表明,治疗组在用药后第61天10头牛总增重700kg,每头平均增重70 kg,平均日增重1.15 kg;对照组10头牛总增重625 kg,每头平均增重62.5 kg,平均日增重1.02 kg.初步说明伊维菌素用于肉牛驱虫育肥效果良好,是比较好的肉牛驱虫药.     

伊维菌素驱除黄牛消化道线虫试验

试验选择自然感染多种消化道线虫的黄牛１６头，分为４组，一组为对照组，其余３组为对照组，分别按０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量颈部皮下注射１％伊维菌注射液。结果表明，按０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量给药，伊维菌素对黄牛多种消化道线虫有驱除作用，其中，对捻转血矛线虫、蛇形毛圆线虫、仰口线虫有高效；对食道口线虫、奥斯特线虫、细颈线虫、指形长刺线虫为中效或低效，按０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ     

Ivermectin缓控释制剂的研究进展

近年来 ,ivermectin(伊维菌素 ,IVM)缓、控释制剂广泛应用于动物寄生虫及多种疫病的防治 ,本文就其作用、制剂、优点、药物代谢动力学和可能带来的问题等方面进行了综述     

促进云南松母树林开花结实研究

云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)木材质量下降,其主要原因是用遗传品质低劣的种子造林。为保证云南松材质优良,提高林分经济价值,必须选用优质种子造林。优质种源基地建立以后,如何使母树早结实、多结实,作者在云南省永仁县白马河林场云南松母树林中进行了试验研究。经过四年的实施、观察、分析得出下列结论:对云南母树施氮肥,种子产量增加265％;施硼砂,种子产量增加175.32％;在树干上注射赤霉素和高锰酸钾,种子产量增加43.76％和87.66％;对云南松母树树冠适当修剪能改变树冠的形状,增加结实层和树冠表面积,这些措施既不会改变云南松的遗传特性,又能提高种子产量,在生产上简单易行,建议在林木种子生产部门试用。     

Endectocide activity of a new long-action formulation containing 2.25% ivermectin+1.25% abamectin in cattle

The present work aimed to evaluate the endectocide activity of a new injectable long-action formulation, containing ivermectin (IVM) and abamectin (ABA). In each one of the four experiments performed, the following groups were formed: group I: 2.25% IVM (450 microg/kg)+1.25% ABA (250 microg/kg), group II: 3.15% IVM (630 microg/kg) and group III: control. Eighteen bovine naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematoda were selected for anthelmintic evaluation and necropsied on posttreatment day (PTD) 14 to estimate the total parasitic burden. For the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus field trial, 30 bovine were selected by means of counts of semi-engorged R. (B.) microplus and the therapeutic and residual efficacy evaluated by tick counts on PTDs 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84 and 91. In the stall test, 15 calves were artificially infested with 5000 R. (B.) microplus (Mozzo strain) larvae three times a week and daily collections of all the engorged female ticks detached from each calf were performed until the PTD 80. Forty bovine naturally infected with Dermatobia hominis larvae were selected and the number of larvae was counted by visual and tactile inspection on PTDs 3, 7, 14, 28, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91 and 105. In this trial, a formulation containing 1% doramectin (200 microg/kg) was also used. IVM+ABA formulation and 3.15% IVM eliminated four of the eight species of nematode identified. The anthelmintic efficacy of the avermectins association against Haemonchus placei, Cooperia spatulata and C. punctata was 89.64%, 98.84% and 97.69%, while 3.15% IVM achieved 30.98%, 84.79% and 75.56%, respectively. The two formulations evaluated showed reduced acaricide action on the PTD 1 and 3, reaching high efficacy percentages from PTD 14 onward. The IVM+ABA showed efficacy above 95% in the period between PTDs 21 and 49. In the stall test, it observed no difference (P>0.05) between the two formulations regarding the R. (B.) microplus counts during the entire evaluation period. IVM+ABA reduced the number of ticks from the PTD 1 to 77 (P<0.05) and 3.15% IVM reduced (P<0.05) the tick number from PTD 4 up to PTD 80. The three endectocides showed no difference (P>0.05) regarding the number of D. hominis larvae and prevented this parasite reestablishment until PTD 105. These results indicate that the IVM+ABA association showed higher anthelmintic activity and similar efficacy against arthropods to the formulation containing 3.15% IVM.     

Heartworm and Wolbachia: therapeutic implications

A safer, more effective adulticidal treatment and a safe method for reducing microfilaremia and breaking transmission of heartworm disease early in the treatment are needed. The present study evaluated efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and doxycycline (DOXY) alone or together (with or without melarsomine [MEL]) in dogs with induced adult heartworm infection and assessed the ability of microfilariae from DOXY-treated dogs to develop to L3 in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and subsequently to become reproductive adults in dogs. Thirty beagles were each infected with 16 adult heartworms by intravenous transplantation. Six weeks later, dogs were ranked by microfilarial count and randomly allocated to 6 groups of 5 dogs each. Beginning on Day 0, Group 1 received IVM (6 mcg/kg) weekly for 36 weeks. Group 2 received DOXY (10 mcg/(kgday)) orally Weeks 1-6, 10-11, 16-17, 22-25, and 28-33. Groups 3 and 5 received IVM and DOXY according to doses and schedules used for Groups 1 and 2. At Week 24, Groups 3 and 4 received an intramuscular injection of MEL (2.5 mg/kg), followed 1 month later by two injections 24h apart. Group 6 was not treated. Blood samples were collected for periodic microfilaria counts and antigen (Ag) testing (and later immunologic evaluation and molecular biology procedures). Radiographic and physical examinations, hematology/clinical chemistry testing, and urinalysis were done before infection, before Day 0, and periodically during the treatment period. At 36 weeks, the dogs were euthanized and necropsied for worm recovery, collection of lung, liver, kidney, and spleen samples for examination by immunohistochemistry and conventional histological methods. All dogs treated with IVM + DOXY (with or without MEL) were amicrofilaremic after Week 9. Microfilarial counts gradually decreased in dogs treated with IVM or DOXY, but most had a few microfilariae at necropsy. Microfilarial counts for dogs treated only with MEL were similar to those for controls. Antigen test scores gradually decreased with IVM + DOXY (with or without MEL) and after MEL. Antigen scores for IVM or DOXY alone were similar to controls throughout the study. Reduction of adult worms was 20.3% for IVM, 8.7% for DOXY, 92.8% for IVM + DOXY + MEL, 100% for MEL, and 78.3% for IVM + DOXY. Mosquitoes that fed on blood from DOXY-treated dogs had L3 normal in appearance but were not infective for dogs. Preliminary observations suggest that administration of DOXY+IVM for several months prior to (or without) MEL will eliminate adult HW with less potential for severe thromboembolism than MEL alone.     

伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片含量测定方法的建立

为了建立伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片同时测定两种主药含量的方法,采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,以乙腈∶水的梯度洗脱系统作为流动相,伊维菌素检测波长为245 nm,吡喹酮检测波长为210 nm。在该色谱条件下,溶剂和辅料对伊维菌素和吡喹酮出峰均无干扰,伊维菌素和吡喹酮与相邻杂质峰分离良好。伊维菌素在2～400μg/m L的浓度范围线性关系良好;吡喹酮在1～100μg/m L的浓度范围内线性关系良好。伊维菌素回收率为102.5%,吡喹酮回收率为99.4%。该方法操作简便,准确度高,重复性好,可用于伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片同时测定两种主药的含量。